Traffic environment ontology (TE)
The traffic environment ontology (TE) provides a model for traffic infrastructure. It contains many classes and properties extracted from: Map Ontology created by Lihua Zhao and Yutaka Sasaki at the Computational Intelligence Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya, Japan (see https://www.toyota-ti.ac.jp/Lab/Denshi/COIN/Ontology/TTICore-0.03/) and published by the Toyota Technological Institute Smart Vehicle Research Project.
A sophisticated machine understandable map is required for autonomous vehicles to perceive driving environments. Therefore, we construct a map ontology.
airport
place from which aircraft operate that usually has paved runways and maintenance facilities and often serves as a terminal
airway
A transport way reserved primarily for use by aircraft taking off, in flight, or landing.
amenity
something that helps to provide comfort, convenience, or enjoyment
at grade intersection
An intersection where all roadways cross or join at the same level.
auxiliary road sign
sign that provides information such as direction, time and temperature displays, hours of operation, or warning; auxiliary signs are intended for the convenience of the public. An auxiliary sign may include the business name and/or logo, but may not include its product or services
bank
establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue of money, for the extension of credit, and for facilitating the transmission of funds
bicycle lane
A bikeway adjacent to travel lanes which has been designated for preferential or exclusive use by pedalcyclists through striping, signage or pavement markings
bicycle trail
A bikeway reserved for pedalcycles and separated from roadways by open space or barriers.
bikeway
A trafficway specifically designated as being open for pedalcycle travel or, where various classes of pedalcycle are segregated, that part of a trafficway open for a particular class (See 2.2.28)
building
usually roofed and walled structure built for permanent use
bus lane
part of the road which is intended to be used only by buses
bus station
place incorporating waiting areas, stands for buses, and ticket offices from which buses or coaches depart
bus stop
place on a road where buses stop to let passengers on and off
business district
territory contiguous to and including a highway when within any 600 feet along such highway there are buildings in use for business or industrial purposes, including but not limited to hotels, banks, office buildings, railroad stations and public buildings which occupy at least 300 feet of frontage on one side or 300 feet collectively on both sides of the highway
channelized intersection
An at-grade intersection in which traffic is diverted into definite paths by raised or painted traffic islands.
city street
A trafficway within a city trafficway system that is not an Interstate highway, other U.S. route numbered highway, other state route numbered highway, or county road.
college
institution offering instruction, usually in a professional, vocational, or technical field
convenience
small, often franchised market that is open long hours
county road
A trafficway within a county trafficway system that is not an Interstate highway, other U.S. route numbered highway, or other state route numbered highway.
crosswalk
(1) that part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the roadway measured from the curbs or, in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway, or (2) any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface of the roadway.
crosswalk road segment
road segment which contains a crosswalk
curb return
The curved section of curb used at intersections in joining straight sections of curb.
directional road sign
sign installed on public land that advertises the direction to be taken to a service, tourist attraction or a townsite/locality
driveway
A driveway is outside the trafficway and is typically not provided an official identification name or number.
A private way which provides vehicular access to the public from a trafficway to property, parking or loading areas outside the boundaries of the trafficway, but is considered to be not open to the public for transportation purposes as a trafficway.
driveway access
A portion of the trafficway at the end of a driveway (See 2.5.9.1), providing access to property adjacent to a trafficway.
educational institute
institute that provides education as its main purpose
end lane
lane located at the end of a path
end node
end GPS position of a path
fast food
restaurant specializing in food that can be prepared and served quickly
fire station
building housing fire apparatus and usually firefighters
forest
dense growth of trees and underbrush covering a large tract
frontage road
The frontage road may be within the same trafficway as the main roadway or in a separate trafficway.
A roadway generally paralleling an expressway, freeway, parkway or through street so designed as to intercept, collect and distribute traffic desiring to cross, enter or leave such facility and to furnish access to property which otherwise would be isolated as a result of controlled-access features.
fully-controlled access highway
A trafficway on which preference is given to through traffic by permitting access only from other trafficways and by providing grade separations at all crossing trafficways.
gas station
retail station for servicing motor vehicles, especially with gasoline and oil
gore
The area is bounded on two sides by the edges of the roadways, which join at the point of divergence or convergence. The direction of traffic shall be the same on both sides of these roadways. The area includes shoulders or marked pavement, if any, between the roadways. The third side is 60 meters (approximately 200 feet) from the point of divergence or convergence or, if any other road is within 70 meters (230 feet) of that point, a line 10 meters (33 feet) from the nearest edge of such road.
An area of land where two roadways diverge or converge.
grade separation
A crossing at different levels of two trafficways, or a trafficway and a railway.
highway
road that is part of the strategic traffic network for automobiles across the country and connects areas of political/economic importance or areas that are critical to the nation's interests
hospital
institution where the sick or injured are given medical or surgical care
infrastructure
basic installations and facilities on which the continuance and growth of a community, state, etc. depend, such as roads, schools, power plants, transportation and communication systems, etc.
instruction road sign
sign which does not contain advertising or promotional matter but relates solely to traffic or pedestrian control, warnings or hours of operation
instruction surface sign
sign which does not contain advertising or promotional matter but relates solely to traffic or pedestrian control, warnings or hours of operation, that is located on the road surface
interchange
A system of interconnecting roadways in conjunction with one or more grade separations, providing for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways on different levels.
intersection
Where the distance along a roadway between two areas meeting these criteria is less than 10 meters (33 feet), the two areas and the roadway connecting them are considered to be parts of a single intersection.
An area which (1) contains a crossing or connection of two or more roadways not classified as driveway access and (2) is embraced within the prolongation of the lateral curb lines or, if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways.
intersection segment
path segment that contains an intersection of two or more lanes
interstate highway
A trafficway on the Interstate System.
interstate system
The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as defined in Section 101, Title 23, United States Code.
junction
An intersection or the connection between a driveway access and a roadway other than a driveway access.
kindergarten
school or class for children usually from four to six years old
lake
considerable inland body of standing water
land way
The space within property lines or other boundary lines of any transport way that is neither an airway nor a waterway.
lane
one of the longitudinal strips into which the carriageway is divisible, whether or not defined by longitudinal road markings, which is wide enough for one moving line of motor vehicles other than motorcycles
lane adapter
connection between an uncontrolled intersection and a two-way narrow road
lane segment
leisure
large public building containing different facilities for leisure activities
local road
longitudinal part of trafficway
part of a traffic way which is a roadway or a line parallel to it
median
A flush or painted median should be 4 or more feet wide between inside roadway edge lines. Medians fewer than 4 feet wide shall have a barrier to be considered a median. Continuous left-turn lanes are not considered painted medians.
An area of a trafficway between parallel roads separating travel in opposite directions.
metro station
station for a rapid transit system, which as a whole is usually called a "metro" or "subway"
municipal road
road that is part of the road network within municipal jurisdiction
national road
road that is part of the strategic road network for the nation
natural place
place created by nature to which people come for entertainment
node
single point in space defined by its latitude, longitude and node ID
one way lane
lane where driving vehicles otherwise than in one direction is prohibited
ordinary road
road that is not a highway
other sign
other sign that can be encountered by the driver on the road
other state route numbered highway
A trafficway within a state trafficway system, but not an interstate highway or other U.S. route numbered highway.
other US route numbered highway another
A trafficway numbered by the American Association of State Highway Officials, but not an interstate highway.
park
piece of ground in or near a city or town kept for ornament and recreation
parking lot
When paved and marked, it commonly includes the following areas : 1.) Parking stalls — areas reserved primarily for parked road vehicles, 2.) Parking lot aisles — areas used primarily for vehicular access to parking stalls, Parking lot aisles are not trafficways. 3.) Parking lot ways — land ways which are used primarily for vehicular circulation within parking lots and for vehicular access to parking lot aisles.
An area used primarily for parking road vehicles.
parking lot way
A parking lots open to the public are trafficways.
parking place
place to park a car, truck, etc
path
line of movement of a vehicle
path segment
part of a path that can be an intersection, a lane, a crosswalk or a turn
pharmacy
place where medicines are compounded or dispensed
police station
headquarters of the police for a locality
post office
local branch of a national post office handling the mail for a particular place or area
prefectural road
road that is part of the regional arterial road network
private road
road owned by a private entity
private way
The space within a crossing of a private way and a trafficway shall be considered a trafficway.
Any land way other than a trafficway.
railway
Any private way reserved primarily for land vehicles moving persons or property from one place to another on rails.
railway station
building containing accommodations for railroad passengers or freight
ramp
Road Vehicle A road vehicle is any land vehicle other than a railway vehicle.
An auxiliary roadway used for entering or leaving through-traffic lanes.
regulatory road sign
Regulatory sign
sign used to inform road users of selected traffic laws or regulations and indicate the applicability of the legal requirements
regulatory surface sign
sign used to inform road users of selected traffic laws or regulations and indicate the applicability of the legal requirements located on the road surface
residential district
territory contiguous to and including a highway not comprising a business district when the property on such highway for a distance of 300 feet or more is in the main improved with residences or residences and buildings in use for business
restaurant
business establishment where meals or refreshments may be purchased
river
natural stream of water of usually considerable volume
road
A part of a trafficway which includes both the roadway and any shoulder alongside the roadway.
road part
part of the road
road segment
segment of the road
road sign
sign located on or visible from the road that informs the drivers about laws, attractions, regulations and more
road surface marking
marking located on the road surface, which informs the drivers about laws, attractions, regulations and more
road type
particular kind of road
roadside
The outermost part of the trafficway from the property line or other boundary in to the edge of the first road.
roadway
Separate roadways may be provided for opposing directions of traffic or for trucks and automobiles.
A part of a trafficway designed, improved and ordinarily used for motor vehicle travel or, where various classes of motor vehicles are segregated, that part of a trafficway used by a particular class.
roundabout
circular intersection with yield control at entry, which permits a vehicle on the circulatory roadway to proceed, and with deflection of the approaching vehicle counter-clockwise around a central island
school
institution for the teaching of children
separator
The area of a trafficway between parallel roads separating travel in the same direction or separating a frontage road (See 2.5.18) from other roads.
shared road
Any bikeway which is part of a roadway, but not a bicycle lane.
shop
small retail establishment or a department in a large one offering a specified line of goods or services
shoulder
A part of a trafficway contiguous with the roadway for emergency use, for accommodation of stopped road vehicles, and for lateral support of the roadway structure.
speed limit
maximum (or minimum) speed applicable to a section of highway as established by law or regulation
speed limit 100
speed limit of 100 km per hour
speed limit 25
speed limit of 25 km per hour
speed limit 30
speed limit of 30 km per hour
speed limit 40
speed limit of 40 km per hour
speed limit 50
speed limit of 50 km per hour
speed limit 60
speed limit of 60 km per hour
speed limit 70
speed limit of 70 km per hour
speed limit 80
speed limit of 80 km per hour
sports centre
place where people take part in sports
start lane
lane located at the start of a path
start node
starting GPS position of a path
station
regular stopping place on a transportation route
supermarket
self-service retail market selling especially foods and household merchandise
toll gate
point where the driver of a vehicle must pay a toll
traffic sign
road sign, signal, device, notice or road marking that identifies a danger, advises persons of the precautions to be taken against such danger, indicates the existence of a road regulation or implements such a regulation
traffic signal
device manually, electrically or mechanically operated for the regulation of traffic
trafficway
Any land way open to the public as a matter of right or custom for moving persons or property from one place to another.
transport way
Any way or place reserved or commonly used for the operation of transport vehicles.
turn
instant change of direction of a singular road
turn lane
A lane exclusively designated for vehicles turning from one trafficway to another.
two way lane
lane allowing for two-way traffic
university
institution of higher learning providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees
urban area
Such boundaries are established in accordance with the provisions of Title 23 of the United States Code. Urban area boundary information is available from state highway or transportation departments. In the event that boundaries have not been fixed as above for any urban place designated by the Bureau of the Census having population of 5000 or more, the area within boundaries fixed by the Bureau of the Census shall be an urban area.
An area whose boundaries shall be those fixed by responsible state and local officials in cooperation with each other and approved by the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
urban district
territory contiguous to and including any street built up with structures devoted to business, industry or dwelling houses situated at intervals of less than 100 feet for a distance of a quarter of a mile or more
utility pole
tall pole that is used to support telephone wires, electrical wires, etc
warning road sign
Warning sign
sign used to indicate conditions that are actually or potentially hazardous to users of the road
waterway
A transport way reserved primarily for use by watercraft.
work zone
It extends from the first warning sign, signal or flashing lights to the END ROAD WORK sign or the last traffic control device pertinent for that work activity. Work zones also include roadway sections where there is ongoing, moving (mobile) work activity such as lane line painting or roadside mowing only if the beginning of the ongoing, moving (mobile) work activity is designated by warning signs or signals.
An area of a trafficway where construction, maintenance or utility work activities are identified by warning signs/signals/indicators, including those on transport devices (e.g., signs, flashing lights, channelizing devices, barriers, pavement markings, flagmen, warning signs and arrow boards mounted on the vehicles in a mobile maintenance activity) that mark the beginning and end of a construction, maintenance or utility work activity.
relates an infrastructure to its address
relates a node, an infrastructure or a natural place to its administrative area
indicates whether a vehicle can change lanes
relates a vehicle or a node to its altitude expressed in meters
relates a junction or a road segment with its boundary GPS point
relates a material entity to its brand
relates a lane to its driving direction
go straight to
relates a vehicle to a road part straight of him, onto which it should go when changing lanes
has car
has intersection
relates a road type to an intersection
relates a road type to a junction
has lane
relates a road segment to a lane it contains
has road segment
relates a road part to a road segment it contains
is connected to
relates a road to a road connected to it
indicates whether a given road part is empty
is lane of
relates a lane to a road segment which contains said lane
is left of
is next to
relates a lane to a lane next to it
is on
is right of
is road segment of
relates a road segment to its road part
relates a vehicle or a node to its latitude
relates a node to its x coordinate
relates a node to its y coordinate
relates a node to its z coordinate
relates a vehicle or a node to its longitude
relates something to its name
near to
relates an infrastructure or a natural place to the hours during which it is open
relates a node to its OpenStreetMap ID
links a road individual to OpenStreetMap map entity
relates a way to its OpenStreetMap ID
relates an infrastructure to its phone number
relates an infrastructure to its postal code
related traffic light
links a driver to the traffic lights they should observe on a lane
relates a river to its ID
relates a lane to the maximum speed a vehicle can legally drive at while on it
turn left to
relates a vehicle to a road part left of him, onto which it should go when changing lanes
turn right to
relates a vehicle to a road part right of him, onto which it should go when changing lanes
relates an infrastructure or a natural place to its website